The Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, stood as the largest and wealthiest European empire throughout much of medieval history. Serving as the vital link between Asia and Europe via the Silk Road, its capital, Constantinopel, boasted architectural wonders like the Hagia Sophia and the impenetrable Theodosian Walls.

Despite numerous siege attempts, Constantinople endured, succumbing only once to European crusaders and later to the Ottoman Empire. Designed to withstand prolonged sieges, the city’s defenses were formidable.
The Byzantine military exclusively employed professional soldiers, compensated with money, land, or food. Additionally, mercenary soldiers were extensively utilized. Their military strategies were meticulously documented in works such as the Tactica and Strategicon.
Notable military units like the infamous Cataphract, Varangian Guard, and Dromon equipped with Greek fire further exemplified the empire’s military prowess.

Under the reign of Basil II, famously known as the Bulgar Slayer, the Byzantine Empire experienced great expansion. This period also witnessed significant advancements in technology and innovation within the empire.